A study recently published in the World Journal of Pediatrics provides an overview of novel strategies designed to improve neonatal outcomes. Such innovations have the potential to enhance care for countless diseases, including fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT).
In spite of developments in neonatal care over the the past few decades, rates of morbidity and mortality remain high, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Therefore, the authors argue, there is a need for new technologies that can address these disparities.
In their review, the authors explore stem cell therapy, artificial womb technology and telehealth in order to better understand the impact that these innovations may have on neonatal care.
A type of stem cell known as mesenchymal stem cells can be derived from the placenta, umbilical cord and bone marrow and are known to stimulate tissue regeneration and reduce inflammation in animals. Previous studies have shown that stem cell therapy may hold promise for a variety of conditions including complications of and risk factors for FNAIT.
Read more about FNAIT treatment and care
However, the authors caution, stem cell therapy has remaining challenges including cost and upholding cell quality during processing. Additionally, very few studies on long-term safety and efficacy have been conducted.
Artificial womb technology refers to the use of advanced equipment that mimics the environment of the womb in order to sustain fetal life. Although a proof-of-concept study was successfully completed in lambs, no studies to date have evaluated the efficacy of artificial wombs in humans. Several ethical and logistical challenges must be overcome before this technology can be incorporated into routine care.
Telehealth has become an essential resource for families navigating diagnoses such as FNAIT. In addition to virtual visits, home monitoring systems can be implemented to allow healthcare providers to track infant health without the need for in-person consultations.
In some studies, the authors wrote, telehealth was found to reduce neonatal care costs by up to 30% while also decreasing the risk of complications including infection. Access to reliable internet service and adequate levels of digital literacy are needed, though, for these interventions to be effective.
“By fostering interdisciplinary collaboration and investing in global partnerships, the neonatal care community can overcome existing barriers and pave the way for a brighter future,” the study concluded. “This collective commitment to innovation, equity, and compassion has the power to reshape neonatal medicine and improve outcomes for generations to come.”
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